ABSTRACT
La lesión de los nervios craneales es un acompañamiento común de un trauma en la cabeza. Lesiones de los nervios craneales asociados con la lesión cerrada de la cabeza ha sido encontrado para ser asociado con una mayor gravedad de la lesión. Los objetivos de este estudio son documentar la incidencia de lesiones de los nervios craneales en lesiones en la cabeza, que se correlaciona con la incidencia de los hallazgos radiológicos, para evaluar el tiempo de recuperación con respecto a los signos y síntomas en la presentación inicial. Se presenta un caso de un varón de 51 años de edad, con lesiones nerviosas del segundo, sexto, séptimo, octavo, noveno y décimo después de una lesión grave en la cabeza. Lo admitieron a la víctima con un historial de conducir una motocicleta utilizando un casco y con una caída a alta velocidad. Su Resonancia Magnética (RM) presenta contusión en el tronco cerebral y su tomografía computarizada (TC) simple mostró pequeña hemorragia a la derecha del tronco cerebral y el paciente fue tratado de forma conservadora. Por otra parte, si se detectan múltiples lesiones de los nervios craneales hay una necesidad de evaluar más a fondo la lesión del tronco cerebral por RM con el fin de evaluar mejor el tronco cerebral. La mayoría de las lesiones de los nervios craneales pueden recibir tratamento conservador, aunque algunos autores indican intervención quirúrgica temprana para el tratamiento de la parálisis facial con fractura a través del canal facial.
Injury to the cranial nerves is a common accompaniment of head trauma. Cranial nerve injuries associated with closed head trauma has been found to be associated with injuries of a higher severity. The incidence of cranial nerve injury in head trauma varies in the literature, ranging from 5 to 23 percent. The objectives of this study are: to document the incidence of cranial nerve injuries in head trauma; to correlate the incidence with radiological findings and to assess recovery time according with signs and symptoms at initial presentation. We report a case of a 51-year-old male having second, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth nerve injuries after severe head trauma. He was admitted after an accident with a history of riding a motorcycle wearing a helmet and falling at high speed. Study by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of this case presented stem contusion and a plain Computerized Tomography (CT) showed small hemorrhage on the right of the brain stem. The patient was managed conservatively. Multiple cranial nerve palsies after head injury may not carry a bad prognosis as previously thought, and may be reversible. Moreover, if multiple cranial nerve injuries are detected, a better evaluation of the stem brain is needed by MRI in order to evaluate possible lesions in this site. The majority of the cranial nerve injuries are treated conservatively, although some authors indicate early surgical intervention to treat facial palsy with fracture through the facial canal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Accidental Falls , Accidents, Traffic , Brain Stem Hemorrhage, Traumatic , Head Injuries, Closed/complications , Cranial Nerve Injuries/surgery , Cranial Nerve Injuries/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Injuries , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This paper reports 6 outbreaks of neurological disease associated with paralysis of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves caused by intracranial space occupying lesions in feedlot cattle. The clinical signs observed were characterized by head tilt, uni or bilateral drooping and paralysis of the ears, eyelid ptosis, keratoconjunctivitis, and different degrees of ataxia. Morbidity and mortality rates ranged from 1.1 to 50 percent and 0 to 1 percent, respectively. Gross lesions observed included yellow, thickened leptomeninges, and marked enlargement of the roots of cranial nerves VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear). Histopathologically, there was severe, chronic, granulomatous meningitis and, in one case, chronic, granulomatous neuritis of the VII and VIII cranial nerves. Attempts to identify bacterial, viral, or parasitic agents were unsuccessful. Based on the morphologic lesions, the clinical condition was diagnosed as facial paralysis and vestibular syndrome associated with space occupying lesions in the meninges and the cranial nerves VII and VIII. Feedlot is a practice of growing diffusion in our country and this is a first report of outbreaks of facial paralysis and vestibular disease associated with space occupying lesions in Argentina.
Descrevem-se 6 surtos de uma doença neurológica com paralisia dos nervos facial e vestibulo-coclear causada por lesões intracraniais que ocupam espaço em bovinos em confinamento. Os sinais clínicos foram desvio da cabeça, queda e paralisia das orelhas, ptose palpebral, ceratoconjuntivite e diferentes graus de ataxia. As taxas de morbidade e mortalidade foram de 1.1 por cento-50 por cento e de 0-1 por cento, respectivamente. As lesões macroscópicas incluíram engrossamento das meninges, que se apresentavam amareladas, e marcado engrossamento das raízes dos nervos cranianos VII (facial) e VIII (vestíbulo-coclear). Histologicamente observaram-se meningite crônica granulomatosa e, em um caso, neurite granulomatosa crônica do VII e VIII pares cranianos. Cultivos para bactérias ou vírus resultaram negativos. De acordo com as lesões observadas o quadro clínico foi diagnosticado como paralisia facial e síndrome vestibular associadas a lesões que ocupam espaço nas meninges e nervos cranianos VII e VIII. O confinamento é uma prática em expansão na Argentina e este é o primeiro relato, neste país, de surtos de paralisia facial e síndrome vestibular associados com lesões que ocupam espaço.